Umlando omfushane wokuthuthukiswa kwezimoto

Ngo-1880, umsunguli waseMelika u-Edison wakha ijeneretha enkulu ye-DC ebizwa ngokuthi “The Colossus”, eyaboniswa embukisweni waseParis ngo-1881.

u-edison uyise we-direct current
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuthuthukiswa kwemoto kagesi nakho kuyaqhubeka.I-generator ne-motor yimisebenzi emibili ehlukene yomshini ofanayo.Ukuyisebenzisa njengedivaysi yamanje yokukhipha ijeneretha, futhi ukuyisebenzisa njengedivaysi yokuphakela amandla kuyinjini.

Lesi simiso esihlehliswayo somshini kagesi safakazelwa ngengozi ngo-1873. Embukisweni wezimboni eVienna kulo nyaka, isisebenzi senza iphutha futhi saxhuma ucingo ejeneretha ye-Gram esebenzayo.Kwatholakala ukuthi i-rotor ye-generator yashintsha indlela futhi ngokushesha yahamba ngendlela ehlukile.Isiqondiso siyajika futhi sibe injini.Kusukela lapho, abantu baye baqaphela ukuthi i-DC motor ingasetshenziswa kokubili njengejeneretha kanye nento ehlehliswayo yemoto.Lokhu kutholwa okungalindelekile kube nomthelela omkhulu ekwakhiweni nasekukhiqizweni kwenjini.

Ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokuphehla ugesi kanye nokuphakelwa kukagesi, ukuklanywa nokukhiqizwa kwamamotho nakho kuya ngokuya kuphelela.Ngawo-1890s, ama-DC motors ayenazo zonke izici eziyinhloko zamamotho esimanje e-DC.Nakuba injini ye-DC isetshenziswe kabanzi futhi ikhiqize izinzuzo ezinkulu zezomnotho ekusetshenzisweni, ukushiyeka kwayo kuvimbela ukuthuthuka kwayo okuqhubekayo.Okusho ukuthi, ayikwazi ukuxazulula ukudluliswa kwamandla okude, futhi ayikwazi ukuxazulula inkinga yokuguqulwa kwe-voltage, ngakho-ke ama-AC motors athuthuke ngokushesha.

Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ama-motor ezigaba ezimbili kanye nama-motor ezigaba ezintathu aphuma ngokulandelana.Ngo-1885, isazi sefiziksi sase-Italy uGalileo Ferraris sahlongoza isimiso sokuzungezisa kazibuthe futhi sakha imodeli ye-asynchronous motor enezigaba ezimbili.Ngo-1886, u-Nikola Tesla, owathuthela e-United States, naye wenza ngokuzimela injini ye-asynchronous motor enezigaba ezimbili.Ngo-1888, unjiniyela kagesi waseRussia u-Dolivo Dobrovolsky wenza i-AC enezigaba ezintathu zekheji elilodwa le-squirrel motor asynchronous motor.Ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwama-AC motors, ikakhulukazi ukuthuthukiswa okuphumelelayo kwezigaba ezintathu ze-AC motors, kuye kwadala izimo zokudluliswa kwamandla okude, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kuthuthukise ubuchwepheshe kagesi esiteji esisha.

U-Tesla, ubaba we-alternating current
Cishe ngo-1880, i-Ferranti yaseBrithani yenza ngcono i-alternator futhi yahlongoza umqondo wokudluliswa kwe-AC high-voltage.Ngo-1882, uGordon eNgilandi wakhiqiza i-alternator enkulu enezigaba ezimbili.Ngo-1882, umFulentshi uGorand kanye neNgisi uJohn Gibbs bathola ilungelo lobunikazi "Indlela Yokukhanyisa Nokusabalalisa Amandla", futhi bathuthukisa ngempumelelo i-transformer yokuqala enenani elisebenzayo.imishini ebaluleke kakhulu.Kamuva, i-Westinghouse yathuthukisa ukwakhiwa kwe-transformer ye-Gibbs, okwenza kube i-transformer nokusebenza kwesimanje.Ngo-1891, i-Blow yenza i-transformer egxiliswe uwoyela ene-voltage ephezulu eSwitzerland, futhi kamuva yakha i-transformer enkulu yamandla kagesi.Ukudluliswa kwamandla kagesi webanga elide we-AC kwenze inqubekelaphambili enkulu ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwama-transformer.

Ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu kwe-100 yentuthuko, ithiyori yemoto ngokwayo isivuthiwe impela.Kodwa-ke, ngokuthuthukiswa kobunjiniyela bakagesi, isayensi yekhompiyutha kanye nobuchwepheshe bokulawula, ukuthuthukiswa kwemoto kungene esigabeni esisha.Phakathi kwazo, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-AC speed regulation motor yiyona edonsa amehlo kakhulu, kodwa ayizange idume futhi isetshenziswe isikhathi eside ngoba itholwa yizingxenye zesifunda kanye namayunithi okuguqula i-rotary, futhi ukusebenza kokulawula akukuhle njenge yokulawulwa kwejubane kwe-DC.

Ngemva kweminyaka yawo-1970, ngemva kokwethulwa komshini wokuguqula amandla kagesi, izinkinga zokunciphisa imishini, ukunciphisa usayizi, ukunciphisa izindleko, ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle, nokuqeda umsindo zaxazululwa kancane kancane, futhi ukulawulwa kwesivinini se-AC kwafinyelela phambili.Ngemuva kokusungulwa kokulawulwa kwe-vector, ukusebenza okumile nokuguquguqukayo kwesistimu yokulawula isivinini se-AC kwathuthukiswa.Ngemuva kokwamukela ukulawulwa kwe-microcomputer, i-algorithm yokulawula i-vector yenziwa ngesoftware ukuze ilinganise isekethe yehadiwe, ngaleyo ndlela yehlise izindleko futhi ithuthukise ukuthembeka, futhi kungenzeka futhi ukuqaphela ubuchwepheshe bokulawula obuyinkimbinkimbi.Ukuthuthuka okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe bamandla kagesi kanye nobuchwepheshe bokulawula amakhompiyutha amancane kungamandla okushayela ukubuyekezwa okuqhubekayo kohlelo lokulawula isivinini se-AC.

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwezinto ezingavamile zikazibuthe zomhlaba kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bamandla kagesi, amamotho kazibuthe ahlala njalo enze intuthuko enkulu.Amamotho namajeneretha asebenzisa izinto zikazibuthe ze-NdFeB asetshenziswe kabanzi, kusukela ekuqhutshweni komkhumbi kuya kumaphampu egazi enhliziyo yokwenziwa.Izinjini eziyi-Superconducting sezivele zisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ugesi kanye nokuqhutshwa kwezitimela ze-maglev ezinesivinini esikhulu nemikhumbi.

Ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, ukwenziwa ngcono kokusebenza kwezinto ezingavuthiwe kanye nokwenza ngcono inqubo yokukhiqiza, amamotho akhiqizwa amashumi ezinkulungwane ezinhlobonhlobo kanye nokucaciswa, amazinga amandla osayizi abahlukene (kusuka ezigidini ezimbalwa ze watt ngaphezu kuka-1000MW), kanye nesivinini esibanzi kakhulu.Ibanga (kusuka ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ukuya kumakhulu ezinkulungwane zokuguquguquka ngomzuzu), ukuvumelana nezimo kwemvelo okuvumelana nezimo kakhulu (njengendawo eyisicaba, ithafa, umoya, ngaphansi kwamanzi, uwoyela, indawo ebandayo, indawo epholile, izindawo ezishisayo, izindawo ezishisayo, ngaphakathi, ngaphandle, Izimoto , imikhumbi, imithombo yezindaba ehlukahlukene, njll.), ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zemikhakha ehlukahlukene yomnotho wezwe nempilo yabantu.